Stands for Structured query language. The language used to create SQL queries to access and manipulate databases. Includes DDL (data-definition language that manages table and index structure) and DML (data manipulation lan- guage, the subset of SQL used to add, update and delete data).

One of the elements of model-view-controller (MVC) design pattern used for Joomla core components. The controller executes tasks that are being requested by the client or the system. The base API class we use for a controller is called JController.